Intussusception and Gut Dysmotility: A Systematic Review Assessing Unexpected Complications of Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery, although effective in treating obesity-related comorbidities, rarely results in intussusception, which is a severe complication. This study aimed to enhance clinical practice and establish early diagnosis by elucidating risk factors and management strategies associated with intussusception. We conducted this systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 criteria. We looked through PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, ScienceOpen, MyScienceWork, Hyper Articles en Ligne (HAL), Google Scholar, and the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online for relevant studies and research. Articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and relevance. We employed pertinent quality appraisal instruments to look for bias. Initially, we discovered 2,833 items. We eliminated redundant and unnecessary publications. After reviewing all the articles, we selected 30 studies based on their titles and abstracts. Out of the 30 studies reviewed, 12 papers were included in this review, with the remaining 18 being eliminated due to low quality. Medical practitioners and surgeons have a responsibility to meticulously monitor and provide postoperative surveillance, with a particular emphasis placed on individuals exhibiting symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting, as there is a clinical imperative to consider the possibility of intussusception. The management approach, whether conservative or surgical, remains contingent upon the clinical context.

Alterations in Gut Microbiota as Early Biomarkers for Predicting Inflammatory Bowel Disease Onset and Progression: A Systematic Review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic ailment impacting the digestive system, triggered by an unusual reaction of the immune system. It includes two types of diseases: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Nonetheless, the diagnosis and evaluation of disease progression in IBD are difficult due to the absence of distinct indicators. While conventional biomarkers from blood plasma and feces, such as C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin, and S100A12, can be employed to gauge inflammation, they are not exclusive to IBD. There is a broad consensus that intestinal microorganisms significantly contribute to the onset of intestinal imbalance, a condition intimately linked with the cause and development of IBD. Numerous studies have indicated that the makeup of intestinal microorganisms varies between individuals with IBD and those who are healthy, particularly concerning the diversity of microbes and the proportional prevalence of certain bacteria. A total of 1475 records underwent examination. Following the eligibility assessment, 17 reports were considered. The final review encompassed 12 studies, as five articles were excluded due to insufficient details regarding cases, controls, and comparability. This article suggests that gut microbiota has potential biomarkers for the noninvasive evaluation of IBD activity. Recognizing the microbiome linked with disease activity paves the way for the development of a group of microbiota-derived indicators to evaluate the initiation and advancement of IBD. This article discusses whether changes in gut microbial composition can serve as early indicators of IBD onset and progression.

Associative Patterns Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Febrile Seizures in the Five to 60 Months Age Group: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.

Febrile seizures (FS) are commonly seen in younger age groups. The cause of seizures is multifactorial, including viral illnesses, certain vaccines such as MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), family history of FS, and certain mineral deficiencies like zinc. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anemia in children of the same age group. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This review aimed to investigate the correlation between IDA and fever convulsions. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases for studies published between January 2013 and September 2023. The following keywords were used to search the articles: "children", "febrile seizures", and "iron deficiency anemia", using all possible combinations and using the word "and" between them. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria application, we included 23 case-control studies written in the English language in this study. Quality assessment of studies was done using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Keto Clarity: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Exploring the Efficacy, Safety, and Mechanisms of Ketogenic Diet in Pediatric Epilepsy.

Epilepsy, a widespread neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects millions globally, with a significant impact on the pediatric population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) constitute the primary treatment; however, drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), especially in children, poses a therapeutic challenge. Alternative interventions, such as surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and the ketogenic diet (KD), have been explored. This systematic review aims to investigate various types of KDs, their distinctions, their effectiveness, and their safety concerning the reduction of seizure frequency, achieving seizure freedom, and the occurrence of adverse events. The study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted using databases such as PubMed Central (PMC), MedLine, and Science Direct to identify relevant articles. Eligibility criteria and quality assessment tools were applied to evaluate the potential risk of bias and select 11 articles for inclusion in this review. The selected articles encompassed four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two systematic reviews, and five narrative reviews. The data collected for this review was completed on October 2, 2023. Challenges, such as palatability, cultural factors, and adherence difficulties, were identified. Family or caregiver involvement plays a pivotal role in treatment success. Despite numerous RCTs and reviews, information gaps persist, hindering conclusive outcomes. Evaluating the risk-benefit ratio is crucial, considering potential side effects. The highly individualized nature of KD therapy, influenced by diverse seizure types and syndromes, necessitates a trial-and-error approach monitored by a multidisciplinary team. Long-term safety and efficacy demand continuous real-life patient data review. In summary, while KD presents a promising alternative for DRE, its success relies on meticulous planning, individualized implementation, and ongoing research to address existing challenges and information gaps.

Efficacy of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor and Its Renal Outcome in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and imposes a significant financial burden on healthcare systems globally. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), a novel neuroendocrine inhibitor, is frequently used in treating HF. However, there is still limited understanding regarding how it compares to other neuroendocrine inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The purpose of this research is to present the most recent data regarding the efficacy and renal impact of ARNIs in the treatment of HF in comparison to ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Several large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have recently been conducted to evaluate the benefits of this drug in patients with different types of HF, regardless of their renal status. We searched multiple databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and Google Scholar, to find relevant RCTs. The efficacy outcome was a composite of the rate of death from cardiovascular causes, the frequency of HF hospitalizations (HFH), and alterations in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. The renal outcome was impairment of renal function. This systematic review analyzed large-scale RCTs involving 17,327 participants, with an average follow-up time of approximately 2.9 years. sacubitril/valsartan showed notable improvements compared to ACEis and ARBs in the following areas: reduction in NT-proBNP levels, prevention of further deterioration in renal function, and decreased hospitalizations for HF. Interestingly, there is no increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular causes with sacubitril or valsartan.

Nephrological Detrimental Impacts Resulting From Novel Immunotherapy Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cancer: A Systematic Review.

The most recent advancements in cancer therapy center on efficiently and conveniently enhancing a patient's natural immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target cytotoxic thymus (T) lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and its receptor. They function by stimulating T-cell activity against malignancies. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a distinct class of inflammatory side effects that are specific to a given organ. Antineoplastic medications can impact any part of the kidney, leading to the development of proteinuria, hypertension, electrolyte abnormalities, glomerulonephritis, and both acute and chronic interstitial nephritis. We reviewed the scientific literature regarding kidney problems that can arise from chemotherapy and immunotherapy for neoplasms, such as various cancers, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. We discussed the pathophysiology, associated risk factors, management, and safety measures for patients experiencing acute renal injury after a new immunotherapy medication treatment. Antineoplastic drugs have the potential to damage the renal tubules, glomeruli, parenchyma, and blood vessels, among other kidney tissues. This can result in a broad spectrum of complications, spanning from a rise in serum creatinine levels without symptoms to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). The research examined a range of risk factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). These factors encompassed age, gender, preexisting medical conditions (such as diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease), and the medications that patients were taking at the beginning of the study, which included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, allopurinol, diuretics, corticosteroids, and proton pump inhibitors. The data suggests that patients who were receiving baseline treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or corticosteroids had a higher risk of mortality. This study serves as an illustration of the effective management of acute kidney injury and proteinuria linked to novel immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab. The approach involved the use of corticosteroids tailored to the patient's condition. Furthermore, it references the recommendations outlined in the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Prompt recognition and effective management of these side effects are essential to optimizing outcomes for patients undergoing immunotherapy. Our results were refined and focused by utilizing Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords in our search strategy. The MeSH keywords used were "renal side effects" OR "immunotherapy" OR "cancer treatment." The studies reviewed encompassed a total of 48,529 participants among the 21 studies examined.

Characterization of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles for therapeutic applications and enzyme nanocomplex generation.

The present study describes green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and inulin hydrolyzing enzyme nanocomplexes (ENC) using Azadirachta indica (Ai) and Punica granatum (Pg) leaf extracts. Surface topology and physico-chemical characteristics of AgNPs were studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), FTIR, SEM, AFM and EDX analyses. Particle size analysis using dynamic light scattering and AFM studies revealed that Ai-AgNPs (76.4 nm) were spherical in shape having central bigger nano-regime with smaller surroundings while Pg-AgNPs (72.1 nm) and ENCs (Inulinase-Pg-AgNPs ~ 145 nm) were spherical particles having smooth surfaces. Pg-AgNPs exhibited significant photocatalysis of a thiazine dye, methylene blue. Both Ai- and Pg-AgNPs showed selective antibacterial action by inhibiting pathogenic Bacillus cereus, while the probiotic Lactobacillus strains remained unaffected. Ai-AgNPs showed potential anti-biofilm effect (30% viability) on B. cereus biofilms. Pg-AgNPs showed anti-cancer effect against human colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2) resulting in 40% cell death in 48 h. Enzymes (inulinase, L-asparaginase and glucose oxidase) were successfully immobilized onto nanoparticles together with the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs and recyclability of the Inulinase-Pg-AgNPs complex was demonstrated. The study elaborates characteristics of green synthesized nanoparticles and their potential applications as anti-cancer, antibacterial and antioxidant nano drugs that could be used in food and nutraceutical industries. Enzyme immobilization on AgNPs without any toxic cross-linker opens up newer possibilites in enzyme-nanocomplex research.